François Makandal
Full Name
François Makandal
Date of Birth
Circa 1730s (exact date unknown)
Place of Birth
Likely the West Central region of Kongo-Angola, Africa
Date of Death
January 20, 1758
Place of Death
Cap Français, Saint-Domingue (modern-day Cap-Haïtien, Haiti)
Education
Not formally educated; however, he was knowledgeable in Arabic and possibly had instruction in Africa
Spouses Names
Not available
Children Names
Not available
Parents Names
Not available
Known Affiliates Names
Not available
Affiliated Organizations’ Names
Leader among the Maroons and venerated figure in Haitian Vodou François Makandal was a Haitian Maroon leader and a central figure in the resistance against slavery in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. He is often described as a Vodou priest (houngan) or sorcerer (bókó) and is associated with the use of poison derived from natural plants to conduct a widespread plot against the slave owners. Makandal’s movement caused great fear among the colonists and led to the deaths of many before he was eventually captured. Makandal’s execution by burning at the stake on January 20, 1758, became legendary, with many of his followers believing he transformed into a mosquito or other creature to escape the flames, symbolizing his enduring spirit of resistance. His legacy is significant in Haitian history and culture, where he is often portrayed as a revolutionary forerunner to the Haitian Revolution and a symbol of slave resistance and marronage. The word “makandal” in Haitian culture retains meanings related to magic, secret societies, and amulets, reflecting his enduring impact